Traditional environmental legislation, with its anthropocentric and utilitarian perspective, is insufficient to curb environmental degradation and promote full ecological justice. Given this problem, and using the hypothetical-deductive method and bibliographical research, this article investigates whether biocentrism and the rights of nature in Ecuador's Constitution represent progress in environmental protection and could inspire other countries, such as Brazil, toward sustainability and environmental justice. The article examines the transition from anthropocentrism to biocentric ethics in Latin American legislation, focusing on Ecuador's constitutional innovation in recognizing rights to nature. It analyzes how this approach reflects a shift in the recognition of nature's intrinsic value, transcending human utility. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of environmental ethics and the need for public policies that transcend anthropocentrism, promoting a more harmonious and sustainable coexistence between humans and the environment.