OBJECTIVE: Review the theoretical bases of the therapeutic approach for volumetric resuscitation of the infant in shock and the evolutionary process that take to the pharmacological support to the circulationMETHODS: References were obtained from computerized searches on the National Library of Medicine (Medline), recent review articles and personal files. RESULTS: Shock and septic shock is the leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. The septic shock is an extremely complex disease process leading to progressive multiple organ failure. Its presentation may be subtle or catastrophic. Successful management depends on an understanding of the pathophysiology of the syndrome, allowing rapid, appropriate resuscitation. Treatment often requires aggressive correction of volume deficit, maintenance of adequate perfusion pressure with inotropic and vasopressor, mechanical ventilation and others therapies. CONCLUSIONS: The management of the shock in children presents a challenge for the pediatrician. Hemodynamic and respiratory instability should be anticipated. Management requires multisystemic and careful intervention.