OBJECTIVE: To discuss clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of gastroesophageal reflux. METHOD: We accomplished a literature review of the last 30 years, by means of Lilacs and Medline databases. RESULTS: The gastroesophageal reflux is one of the most frequent causes of medical appointments with pediatric gastroenterologists. It represents a benign condition, characterized by regurgitations that can be resolved with general measures. Medical management with prokinetics and antacid agents controls clinical manifestations and prevents complications. Fundoplication is reserved to a minority of cases. COMMENTS: Some aspects of the clinical treatment have to be emphasized. Thickened/Solid diet and erect posture must be always recommended. Cisapride, the most commonly employed prokinetic agent, may prolong ventricular repolarization. Other prokinetic agents should be used in children. Bronchospasm or clinical manifestations of esophagitis indicate the use of antacid drugs.