Further attenuated live measles vaccine strains were developed through passages in chick embryo cells or other non-permissive cells from the Edmonston strain. The number of measles patients has reduced through worldwide acceptance of measles vaccine. Measles elimination was achieved in American continents and the goal of measles elimination in Western Pacific region was aimed by 2012. Recent development of molecular techniques facilitates the reverse genetics to recover the infectious virus from the cDNA clone constructed from measles RNA genome. Using this technology, characteristics of attenuated measles vaccine strain were investigated and new approach has started to develop the recombinant measles vaccine expressing foreign virus antigen(s) against the infectious diseases for which no effective vaccine is available. Besides infectious diseases, the oncolytic measles virus based on measles vaccine strains was developed for targeting cancer cells.