
Aunque hace casi medio siglo que la Matriz de Contabilidad Social (MCS) comenzo a desarrollarse, y muchos paises han elaborado una MCS para su economia, en Mexico se ha observado un considerable atraso. Aunque diversos investigadores han construido su MCS, con frecuencia no es posible validarla ni replicar sus resultados, pues la matriz no se publica. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es el de plantear una metodologia especifica para el caso de Mexico, y construir de forma transparente, una MCS para el ano 2003. La metodologia propuesta, por tanto, puede ser discutida (mejorada o rectificada) para aplicarla a la construccion de matrices ampliadas o actualizadas de la economia mexicana, en concordancia con el Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales de Mexico. La MCS por su parte, puede ser utilizada para llevar a cabo diversos analisis para este periodo, ya sean estructurales, de equilibrio general aplicado, u otros, cuyos resultados puedan replicarse y por tanto corroborarse o rectificarse; por ello, como segundo objetivo, utilizamos la MCS, para realizar una caracterizacion basica de la estructura productiva, y computamos la Matriz de Multiplicadores Generalizados, calculando los indices de arrastre y dispersion para determinar la importancia relativa de los sectores, e identificar sectores clave y estrategicos. Abstract Although the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) began to be developed almost half a century ago, and many countries have developed a SAM for their own economy, a considerable delay has been observed in Mexico. While different researchers have built a SAM, oftentimes it is not possible to validate or replicate their results, as the matrix is not published. The main objective of this work is to propose a specific methodology for the case of Mexico, and to build a SAM for the year 2003 in a transparent manner. Therefore, the proposed methodology can be discussed (improved or rectified) to apply it to the construction of broad or updated matrices for the Mexican economy, in accordance with the Mexican System of National Accounts. For its part, the SAM can be used to carry out different analyses for this period, whether structural, of Applied General Equilibrium (AGE), or others; the results of which can be replicated and thus be corroborated or rectified. Therefore, as a second objective, we used the SAM to carry out a basic characterization of the productive structure, and we calculated the General Multipliers Matrix, calculating the carry-over and dispersion indices to determine the relative importance of the sectors, and identify key and strategic sectors.
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