WHO recently published guidelines for identifying and treating individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in high- and middle-income countries with a low incidence of active tuberculosis as part of the ‘End TB Strategy’ for the post-2015 era of tuberculosis control [1]. Systematic screening for LTBI is advised for immunocompromised individuals and contacts of patients with tuberculosis, in whom the risk of progression from latent infection to active diseases is increased, and for whom prevention of progression through adequate treatment has the highest impact. For migrants from countries with a highincidence of tuberculosis and healthcare workers, LTBI screening is encouraged.