This study on air pollution in Bamako carried out in 2019, aims to characterize the different sources of emissions, model the health impact of ambient air quality for the different scenarios, the proposal of an action plan to limit emissions, and the simulation of the evolution of emissions and ambient air quality by 2015 and 2020 with and without an action plan. The results of the two air quality measurement campaigns show concentration levels lower or substantially equal between those of July 2019 and those of the 2009 data. The PM10 concentration recorded indicates a significant excess area compared to the values concentration guides set by the WHO. Analysis of the evaluation of emissions and their health impact by 2015 and 2020 shows that pollution by volatile organic compounds and dust will become unacceptable if nothing is done. The number of cancers linked to benzene will increase to 686 cases and the increase in mortality due to dust to an average figure of 38.7%.