Although the Air Quality Standard achievement rate of Suspended Particulate Matter hasbeen improved recently, particulate air pollution is estimated to be one of the main environmental healthrisks in Japan. In this study, we estimate the changes in life expectancy due to the exposure to particulatesin urban area in Japan based on the relative risks obtained from a recent epidemiological study. The lifeloss expectancies (LLEs) for long-term exposure calculated for Yokohama city range from 1.0 to 1.8 years, which are comparable to those estimated for major European cities. These differences, however, comeslargely from social data such as age structure of the population and age-specific mortality rather thanparticulate concentrations.