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Other literature type . 2025
License: CC BY
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Impact of fine woody debris enrichment on vegetation and microclimate in managed post-disturbance areas after spruce dieback

Authors: Großgott, Hans;

Impact of fine woody debris enrichment on vegetation and microclimate in managed post-disturbance areas after spruce dieback

Abstract

Großflächiges Fichtensterben in Mitteleuropa hat ausgedehnte Störungsflächen entstehen lassen, die in der Regel durch Kahlschlag bewirtschaftet werden. Dabei werden Kronen- und Stammreste häufig entfernt oder in Rückegassen konzentriert. Das Belassen von feinem Totholz (FWD) könnte die Standortbedingungen für die Waldregeneration verbessern, indem Mikroklima und Konkurrenzvegetation beeinflusst werden. In dieser Arbeit wurden dabei Effekte von lokalen FWD-Anreicherungen auf Mikroklima und Vegetationsdeckung auf Fichtenkalamitätsflächen im Thüringer Wald und Thüringer Schiefergebirge untersucht. An vier Untersuchungsgebieten wurden 48 FWD-Plots, auf denen feines Totholz manuell verteilt wurde, mit 48 benachbarten Kontrollplots ohne Totholzanreicherung verglichen. Zwischen Mai und August 2024 wurden Bodenfeuchte sowie Boden-, Oberflächen- und bodennahe Lufttemperatur mit TOMST TMS-4-Loggern gemessen. Die Vegetationsdeckung wurde in einem Radius von 50 cm um die Logger visuell geschätzt. Unterschiede zwischen FWD- und Kontrollplots wurden mit linearen gemischten Modellen und im Fall der Vegetationsdeckung einem generalisierten gemischten Modell mit einer Beta-Regression analysiert. Die Anreicherung mit FWD erhöhte den volumetrischen Bodenwassergehalt signifikant um etwa 4,5 Prozentpunkte gegenüber den Kontrollflächen. Mittlere- und Maximaltemperaturen im Boden waren auf den FWD-Plots geringer. An der Bodenoberfläche zeigte sich ein deutlicher Puffereffekt. Die mittleren Temperaturen waren niedriger, tägliche Maxima um mehr als 4 °C reduziert und tägliche Minima um etwa 1,4 °C erhöht. Die Effekte auf die bodennahe Lufttemperatur in 15 cm Höhe waren schwächer, deuteten aber ebenfalls auf etwas kühlere Maxima und höhere Minima hin. Die Gesamtvegetationsdeckung sank von rund 75 % auf den Kontrollplots auf etwa 51 % an FWD-Plots. Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass lokale FWD-Anreicherung kühlere, feuchtere und weniger dicht bewachsene Mikrosites auf Fichtenkalamitätsflächen schaffen kann. Ob die beobachteten Veränderungen in Mikroklima und Vegetation tatsächlich zu besserer Naturverjüngung und zum besseren Wachstum gepflanzter Bäume unter diesen Bedingungen führen, sollte in weiteren Studien geprüft werden.

Large-scale dieback of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) in Central Europe has created extensive post-disturbance areas that are typically managed by salvage logging. While logging residues are often removed or concentrated in skid trails, retaining fine woody debris (FWD) may improve microsite conditions for tree regeneration by modifying microclimate and competing vegetation. This study investigates the effects of local FWD enrichment on microclimate and vegetation cover on Norway spruce calamity areas in the Thuringian Forest and the Thuringian Slate Mountains (Germany). At four study areas, 48 plots with manually enriched FWD were paired with 48 nearby control plots without added woody debris. Soil moisture and soil, surface and near-ground air temperature were recorded with TOMST TMS-4 dataloggers from May to August 2024. Vegetation cover was visually estimated in 50 cm radius plots around the dataloggers. Linear mixed-effects models and, for the vegetation cover, a generalized mixed-effects model with a beta regression were used to test for differences between FWD and control plots. FWD enrichment significantly increased volumetric soil water content by about 4.5 percentage points compared to control plots. Mean and maximum soil temperatures were reduced on FWD plots, and surface temperatures showed buffering. Mean values were lower, daily maxima decreased by more than 4 °C and daily minima increased about 1.4 °C. Effects on near-ground air temperature at 15 cm height were weaker but indicated slightly cooler maxima and higher minima. Total vegetation cover declined from roughly 75% on control plots to about 51% on FWD plots. These results show that local FWD enrichment can create cooler, moister and less densely vegetated microsites on Norway spruce calamity areas. However, further research is needed to test whether the observed changes in microclimate and vegetation translate into improved germination, survival and growth of natural and artificial regeneration in these specific conditions.

Keywords

Mikroklima, Borkenkäfer, 570, Vegetation, Fichte, Bodenfeuchte

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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