Operation status of rural boarding school construction in Guizhou Province in China is introduced and its implementation status is comprehensively evaluated. Problems in the implementation of relevant policies of boarding project are put forward, including incomplete overall planning, impetuous implementation of polices in some regions and unfair allocation of accommodation subsidies. Difficulties in the development of rural boarding school are discussed, such as liability management of school, poor teaching force, lack of professional manager and special funds, prominent difficulties in board and lodging, problems of safety management and health care, heavy financial burden on the family, lack of mental health education, infrastructure failing to meet the development needs of school, and backward education consciousness of parents in poverty areas. Based on this, advantages and disadvantages of rural boarding project are analyzed from three aspects of government, school, and the student and parent. Then, relevant countermeasures are put forward to construct and develop rural boarding school according to the actual situation of Guizhou Province, such as strengthening policy support, improving education consciousness of parents, developing human resources in new school, and paying attention to the effects of local culture on school.