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Exploring the Role of Unearned and Non-Wage Income on Regional Income Convergence

Authors: James, Ryan D.; Campbell Jr., Harrison S. ; James, Ryan D.; Campbell Jr., Harrison S. ;

Exploring the Role of Unearned and Non-Wage Income on Regional Income Convergence

Abstract

In the second half of the 20th century, regional income in the United States converged. Convergence was driven largely by neo - classical forces where capital flows from regions of high wages to regions of low wages in search of greater returns. The formal test for convergence, driven by the attractive and repulsive effects of wage levels, regresses changes in in- come against initial income levels. However, unearned and non - wage have become increasingly important components of income, yet their effects on the convergence process is largely unexplored. To add insight to their role in convergence, this paper deconstructs Per Capita Personal Income into its component parts – Wages and Supplements, Dividends, Interest and Rent, Transfer Payments, and Proprietor’s Income – and tests for unconditional convergence among Metropolitan/Micropolitan areas across three time periods. Results suggest consistent convergence stemming from wages and significant, localized effects stemming from the unearned, non - wage income streams.

Keywords

Community/Rural/Urban Development, Financial Economics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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