BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) significantly impact cancer patients undergoing treatment, affecting their quality of life and treatment adherence. Despite advances in antiemetic therapy, CINV remains a challenge, necessitating ongoing research and development of effective management strategies. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an overview of the current management strategies for CINV, focusing on the use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, NK1 receptor antagonists, corticosteroids, and newer agents like olanzapine. The review also discusses risk factors for CINV and the pathophysiology underlying its various forms. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies and guidelines related to the management of CINV. Key databases, including PubMed, were searched for articles published in English. Studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of antiemetic agents in preventing and treating CINV were included in the review. RESULTS The review highlights the importance of risk assessment for CINV based on patient and chemotherapy-related factors. It discusses the role of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, NK1 receptor antagonists, and corticosteroids in the prevention and treatment of CINV, emphasizing the need for individualized therapy. The review also discusses newer agents like olanzapine and their potential in improving CINV control. CONCLUSIONS Effective management of CINV is crucial for optimizing cancer treatment outcomes and improving patient quality of life. A multimodal approach combining different classes of antiemetic agents tailored to individual patient risk factors and chemotherapy regimens is recommended. Ongoing research is needed to further improve the management of CINV and reduce its impact on cancer patients undergoing treatment.