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Chemistry of Silica in Cerro Prieto Brines

Authors: Weres, O.; Tsao, L.; Iglesias, E.;

Chemistry of Silica in Cerro Prieto Brines

Abstract

The precipitation of amorphous silica from synthetic geothermal, brines which resemble the flashed brine at Cerro Prieto has been studied. It was found that part of the dissolved silica quickly polymerizes to form suspended colloidal silica. The colloidal silica flocculates and settles slowly at unmodified brine pH values near 7.35. Raising the pH of the brine to about 7.8 by adding base and stirring for a few minutes causes rapid and complete flocculation and settling. these results have been confirmed in the field using actual Cerro Prieto brine. Both in the laboratory and in the field quaternary amines were found to be effective with some brine compositions but not with others. Polyacrylamides do not work at all. These results suggest the following simple preinjection brine treatment process: age the brine for 10-20 minutes in a covered holding tank, add 20-30 ppm lime (CaO), stir for 5 minutes, and separate the flocculated silica from the brine using a conventional clarifier. The brine coming out of such a process will be almost completely free of suspended solids. The pilot plant tests needed to reduce this conceptual process to practice are discussed. The rate of deposition of silica scale from synthetic brines was separately studied. It was found that a modest decrease in pH could significantly reduce the scaling rate at a reasonable cost. The equilibrium chemistry of Cerro Prieto brine was studied theoretically. These calculations indicate that increasing the brine pH to remove silica might cause some precipitation of carbonate minerals, but also that this problem could easily be eliminated at a reasonable cost if it did arise.

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United States
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Keywords

Geothermal Fluids, Equilibrium, Carbonate Minerals, Chemical Composition, Ph Value, Precipitation, Geothermal Fields, 15 Geothermal Energy, Stirring, Scaling, Geothermal Legacy, Amines, Deposition, Minerals, Fluids, Silicon Oxides Geothermal Legacy 150903* -- Geothermal Engineering-- Corrosion, Brines, Organic Compounds, Silicon Compounds, Pilot Plants, Computing, Flocculation, Oxides, Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field, Silica, 99 General And Miscellaneous//Mathematics, Separation Processes, Chemistry, And Information Science, Scaling & Materials Development, Oxygen Compounds, Chalcogenides

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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