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International Journal of Nanomedicine
Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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International Journal of Nanomedicine
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Article . 2012
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Dove Medical Press
Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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Bioconjugates of PAMAM dendrimers with trans-retinal, pyridoxal, and pyridoxal phosphate

Authors: Filipowicz,A; Wołowiec,S;

Bioconjugates of PAMAM dendrimers with trans-retinal, pyridoxal, and pyridoxal phosphate

Abstract

Bioconjugates of a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) G3 dendrimer and an aldehyde were synthesized as carriers for vitamins A and B₆, and the bioavailability of these vitamins for skin nutrition was investigated.Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible methods were used to characterize the structure of the bioconjugates and for monitoring release of pyridoxal (Pyr) and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) from these bioconjugates in vitro. A skin model permeation of bioconjugates was also studied in a Franz chamber.A transdermal G3 PAMAM dendrimer was used to synthesize bioconjugates with trans-retinal (Ret), pyridoxal (Pyr), or PLP. These nanomolecules, containing up to four covalently linked Ret, Pyr, or PLP (G3(4Ret), G3(4Pyr), and G3(4PLP)), were able to permeate the skin, as demonstrated in vitro using a model skin membrane. PLP and Pyr bound to a macromolecular vehicle were active cofactors for glutamic pyruvic transaminase, as shown by ¹H NMR spectral monitoring of the progress of the L-alanine + α-ketoglutarate → glutamic acid + pyruvic acid reaction.PAMAM-PLP, PAMAM-Pyr, and PAMAM-Ret bioconjugates are able to permeate the skin. PLP and Pyr are available as cofactors for glutamic pyruvic transaminase.

Keywords

Medicine (General), Dendrimers, Swine, Administration, Topical, Skin Absorption, Skin Cream, Vitamin B 6, Rats, Diffusion, R5-920, Nanocapsules, International Journal of Nanomedicine, Materials Testing, Animals, Particle Size, Vitamin A, Original Research

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
9
Average
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold