Aihong Meng,1 Xiaopeng Zhang,2 Siyu Wu,1 Mingxia Wu,1 Jing Li,1 Xixin Yan,1 Kamilla Kopec-Harding,3 Jiakai Wu41Respiratory Division, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Province General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, Peoples’ Republic of China; 3Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, 4Centre for Respiratory and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKBackground: Systemic inflammation and steroid resistance are the hallmarks of COPD. We examined the impact of p38 inhibitor (SB203580) in in vitro assays of systemic inflammation using pulmonary cells and patients’ sera.Objective and methods: Data from 66 COPD patients and 15 age-/sex-matched healthy controls were compared. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and CCL5 were measured in serum samples and culture media from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The impact of sera on IL-10 and CCL5 expression in alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S) was examined. The in vitro effects of SB203580 on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation were investigated.Results: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) D patients produced more CCL5 and TNF-α, and less IL-10 compared to GOLD A–C patients. SB203580 treatment suppressed CCL5 and TNF-α and stimulated IL-10 production; however, the effect of SB203580 on IL-10 was lower in the COPD group. Culture of MH-S cells with COPD serum showed a significant increase in CCL5 and a significant decrease in IL-10 compared to healthy serum. This effect was not suppressed with SB203580 treatment.Conclusion: COPD serum has a potent proinflammatory effect on pulmonary cells. Inhibition of p38 phoshorylation had a limited effect in restoring impaired lymphocyte function and suppressing inflammation induced by COPD serum, implying important p38-independent inflammatory mechanisms in COPD. Keywords: COPD, p38MAPK inhibitor, macrophage, CCL5, TNF-α, IL-10