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Involve a Journal of Mathematics
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2023
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Complementation of subquandles

Authors: Amsberry, Kieran; Bergquist, August; Horstkamp, Thomas; Lee, Meghan; Yetter, David;

Complementation of subquandles

Abstract

Saki and Kiani proved that the subrack lattice of a rack $R$ is necessarily complemented if $R$ is finite but not necessarily complemented if $R$ is infinite. In this paper, we investigate further avenues related to the complementation of subquandles. Saki and Kiani's example of an infinite rack without complements is a quandle, which is neither ind-finite nor profinite. We provide an example of an ind-finite quandle whose subobject lattice is not complemented, and conjecture that profinite quandles have complemented subobject lattices. Additionally, we provide a complete classification of subquandles whose set-theoretic complement is also a subquandle, which we call \textit{strongly complemented}, and provide a partial transitivity criterion for the complementation in chains of strongly complemented subquandles. One technical lemma used in establishing this is of independent interest: the inner automorphism group of a subquandle is always a subquotient of the inner automorphism group of the ambient quandle.

Keywords

quandle, Generalized knots (virtual knots, welded knots, quandles, etc.), Varieties, FOS: Mathematics, subobject, Group Theory (math.GR), 08B99, 57K12, Mathematics - Group Theory, lattice

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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