This paper aims to provide a general overview on the recent works in the economic history of Venice. Instead of a �pessimistic� interpretation, focused on the lost in the maritime position and on the rigidity of the corporative institution, this paper breaks down on the fundamental changes in the economic framework of the whole Republic of Venice, particularly in its mainland: investment in the agrarian sector, development of new manufactures, foreign market shift from Western to Eastern Europe. Published in the volume: At the Centre of the Old World: Trade and Manufacturing in Venice and the Venetian Mainland (1400-1800), edited by P. Lanaro, Toronto, Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2006.