It is nowadays unquestionable that the defense of the environmental quality and to it safeguards of the natural resources are fundamental slopes of the social development. The exploration of the common natural resources (water, air, soil, natural landscapes and humanized) it has been provoking not only the degradation of the atmosphere, with extremely grievous consequences for the ecological balance of the Planet and for the human welfare. With this work it intends to approach the theme Economic Policy and Environmental Policy. We concluded that the creation and the application of the economics instruments allows to produce innovative solutions, to change the mentalities and to correct the operation of the system economico in the sense of a sustainable development.