This article introduces and analyzes critical economic and public policy issues pertaining to antitrust, which are either not raised or not analyzed fully in current academic and practitioner literature. More specifically, the article introduces new models for detecting antitrust violations in all industries - these models incorporate many decision elements hitherto omitted in existing models. While its generally accepted in the existing literature that the primary purpose of US antitrust laws is deterrence, the ineffectiveness of these laws as manifested in the case of Encompass Services Inc.