A key technical insight of this research is the distinction between reliability and resilience in how system performance is measured. Traditional reliability metrics—such as the frequency and duration of outages—do not fully capture a system's ability to withstand and recover from major shocks. Currently, there is no standardised set of resilience metrics widely adopted in Australia's energy sector to evaluate how well the grid can cope with extreme events. This lack of standardisation makes it difficult to quantify the benefits of infrastructure hardening or to set engineering targets for post-disaster recovery times. The absence of clear metrics and evaluation criteria for resilience at the technical level has introduced uncertainty into the planning process—for both regulators assessing proposals and engineers designing upgrades. Developing common metrics would enable more transparent assessments of resilience improvements and help advance projects that strengthen the grid's robustness.