
doi: 10.2139/ssrn.6903393
Global contamination is traditionally viewed as the consequence of physical transport mechanisms from point sources such as hydrological flows, atmospheric circulation, and sediment dynamics. Through active movement such as migration, dispersal, and cross-ecosystem foraging, animals routinely accumulate, transport, metabolise, and excrete legacy and emerging contaminants across ecosystem boundaries. In contrast, sessile primary producers such as macrophytes, macroalgae, and riparian or terrestrial vegetation mediate passive contaminant transport by trapping toxic elements, organic contaminants, and microplastics, which may later be remobilised and exported when plant material is detached and transported by floods, storms, or currents. Despite their large influence on contaminant redistribution, biological processes are rarely integrated into contaminant fate models. To fill this gap, we introduce the Bio-Geo-Contaminant Telecoupling Framework, which organises biologically mediated contaminant transport into five pathways: migration, biological invasions, cross-ecosystem subsidies, ecosystem engineering, and ontogenetic habitat shifts. We integrate theory with empirical evidence from animals and plants in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems, outline testable predictions, and present a future research agenda for better incorporating organism movement into global contaminant risk assessment. Recognising contaminant telecoupling broadens current assumptions and expands current perspectives on exposure pathways, risk analysis, food-web dynamics, conservation planning, and environmental governance, underlining that organismal movement must be considered an under-recognized and insufficiently integrated mechanism influencing contaminant redistribution across ecosystems.
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