Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
addClaim

Process-level energy assessment of sorption-enhanced ammonia separation in distributed Haber–Bosch synthesis

Authors: Elvira Spatolisano; Anton A. Kiss;

Process-level energy assessment of sorption-enhanced ammonia separation in distributed Haber–Bosch synthesis

Abstract

Small-scale, renewable-powered Haber–Bosch (HB) synthesis is constrained by inefficient ammonia separation at reduced operating pressures, where conventional condensation removes less than 10% of NH₃ per pass due to vapor–liquid equilibrium limitations. Sorption-based separation offers a potential alternative by selectively removing NH₃ from the synthesis loop, enhancing equilibrium conversion.This work develops an integrated framework combining sorbent screening, dynamic cycle simulation, and process-level energy assessment for distributed ammonia production.Five sorbent classes (activated carbons, zeolites, metal halides, hydrides, and borohydrides) were evaluated using a multi-criteria decision methodology based on working capacity, regeneration requirements, kinetics, stability, cost, and safety. Zeolite 13X was identified as the most suitable candidate and implemented in a three-step pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycle simulated in Aspen Adsorption® V14 under representative HB effluent conditions (220 °C, 150 bar, 24 mol% NH₃).The PSA cycle reduced the recycle NH₃ concentration from 2.4 mol% to 0.033 mol%, corresponding to a ~70-fold improvement in recycle cleanup. However, the desorption stream contained only 37 mol% NH₃, significantly below the 99.99 mol% purity achieved by conventional condensation.A shortcut screening framework linking sorbent properties to process-level energy demand was developed and benchmarked against the conventional separation requirement of 0.21 kWh kg⁻¹ NH₃. Although the PSA cycle satisfies the benchmark in terms of recycle cleanup and nominal separation energy, product dilution remains the dominant limitation. The proposed framework identifies the sorbent targets required for sorption-enhanced HB systems to become energetically competitive, providing a generalizable methodology for process–material integration studies.

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!