<span>Since 1958, the European Commission has been in charge of controlling State aids. The interpretation by the CJEU of Articles 107 to 109 TFEU has been such that almost all advantages granted to certain undertakings by public entities are covered by the concept of State aid. That means that, in principle, they must all be notified to and authorized by the European Commission. Taking into account the amount of aids granted each year in the EU and the number of notifications potentially received by the European Commission, considering that every year new kinds of unlawful aids are exposed and bearing in mind the perception by legal scholars that many unlawful aids are not, and will likely never be, discovered by the Commission, one can wonder whether it makes sense to involve domestic competition authorities in State aids control. This chapter will test this hypothesis with reference to the Portuguese Competition Authority.</span>