Against the backdrop of the global advancement of the "dual carbon" strategy, the utilization of low-grade waste heat resources via thermoelectric modules has become a crucial approach for energy conservation and consumption reduction. However, non-uniform temperature distribution under actual operating conditions leads to severe power mismatch losses in traditional series-parallel thermoelectric arrays, restricting the system’s output performance. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel thermoelectric system targeting power mismatch losses in non-uniform temperature fields: a modular design is adopted to enable each thermoelectric module to operate under temperature conditions matching its own working state; via DC/DC conversion and parallel confluence, the power mismatch losses of traditional series-parallel configurations are significantly mitigated. Simulations based on a commercial(TEG1-12708)module demonstrate that under non-uniform temperature fields with hot-side temperatures ranging from 70–230℃ and temperature difference spans of 20–80℃, the output power of the novel system is 12 %–22 % higher than that of traditional series arrays and 3.49 %–16.19 % higher than that of parallel arrays, with power mismatch losses reduced to below 4.5 %. Subsequently, the proposed concept is verified via hardware circuits. This system provides effective technical support for the engineering application of thermoelectric arrays in non-uniform temperature fields.​