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The Risk-Return Paradox in Commercial Banking: A Comparative Analysis of Systemic Risk and Interest Rate Disparities between Agricultural and Corporate Lending

Authors: Khandakar Abu Siamul Shaham;

The Risk-Return Paradox in Commercial Banking: A Comparative Analysis of Systemic Risk and Interest Rate Disparities between Agricultural and Corporate Lending

Abstract

In classical finance, the risk-return trade-off indicates that more risk should be compensated with higher rewards. However, in Bangladesh's banking sector, an inverse link is observed-the "Risk-Return Paradox." This work expands upon prior research (Shaham, 2026) which revealed that farmers pay greater interest for productive assets (tractors) than urban borrowers for consumption (cars). By evaluating data from 2025-2026 across major commercial banks, this analysis indicates that granular agricultural loans (13%-16%) are priced much more than large corporate loans (9%-12%), despite the latter posing a tremendous Systemic Risk. With the national Non-Performing Loan (NPL) ratio reaching record highs mostly driven by business defaults, this study calls for a paradigm shift in interest rate pricing to maintain economic equality.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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