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Representation
Article . 2026 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Crossref
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6...
Article . 2026 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Measuring Descriptive Representation

Authors: Pat Leslie;

Measuring Descriptive Representation

Abstract

Studies of descriptive representation typically use a percentage 'gap' or 'ratio' to measure under- or over-representation. I propose generalisations to the existing approach using measures of disproportionality to measure multigroup representation relative to population benchmarks. I then extend the disproportionality approach to show how representation of one dimension of identity compares across two or more subgroups. I apply these measures to the representation of occupational class in the Australian Parliament (1986-2023) and then expand the analysis to show that women are more likely to represent typically female professions than men are to represent typically male professions. Disproportionality avoids problems with existing measures such as category concatenation, which can mask severe distortions in representation, and complications in operationalising concepts such as class. The approach is sufficiently general to address several areas of descriptive representation from race and ethnicity, to social class, gender, age, religion, or geography.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
hybrid