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Fusion of RSSI and FTM for Robust FTM Wi-Fi Indoor Localization

Authors: Yuxiang Ren; Yuliang Zhao;

Fusion of RSSI and FTM for Robust FTM Wi-Fi Indoor Localization

Abstract

Indoor localization has become a foundational capability for a wide range of emerging applications, from asset tracking and logistics in industrial settings to context-aware services in retail, healthcare, and smart buildings. Currently, there are problems such as inaccurate positioning accuracy and high measurement costs in indoor positioning. Therefore, we have proposed a positioning method based on the existing WIFI framework that supports the FTM protocol. However, in practical indoor environments FTM measurements are often corrupted by multipath and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation. These effects introduce systematic biases and heterogeneous noise across access points (APs), which substantially degrade positioning accuracy. Therefore, we propose an error modeling plus weighted least-squares (WLS) localization method driven by RSSI and FTM fusion to improve the positioning accuracy: for each AP, RSSI + log(FTM) are used to classify LOS/NLOS based on GMM and SVM, and class-conditional error mean and variance are estimated. The per-class mean is subtracted to bias-correct FTM ranges, and the inverse variance is used as a dynamic weight; the top three APs by RSSI are selected and a height-constrained WLS is solved. In three different environments including lobby, classroom and dormitory, the proposed method achieves mean absolute errors (MAE) of 1.09 m, 0.68 m and 1.49 m, respectively, substantially outperforming traditional baselines.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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