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https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5...
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Improving Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks with Amplitude Encoding

Authors: Morgan, Jack; Mohammadbagherpoor, Hamed; Ghysels, Eric;

Improving Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks with Amplitude Encoding

Abstract

Quantum machine learning holds promise for advancing time series forecasting. The Quantum Recurrent Neural Network (QRNN), inspired by classical RNNs, encodes temporal data into quantum states that are periodically input into a quantum circuit. While prior QRNN work has predominantly used angle encoding, alternative encoding strategies like amplitude encoding remain underexplored due to their high computational complexity. In this paper, we evaluate and improve amplitude-based QRNNs using EnQode, a recently introduced method for approximate amplitude encoding. We propose a simple pre-processing technique that augments amplitude encoded inputs with their pre-normalized magnitudes, leading to improved generalization on two real world data sets. Additionally, we introduce a novel circuit architecture for the QRNN that is mathematically equivalent to the original model but achieves a substantial reduction in circuit depth. Together, these contributions demonstrate practical improvements to QRNN design in both model performance and quantum resource efficiency.

17 pages, 7 Figures

Related Organizations
Keywords

Quantum Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green