This study is the first to examine the impact of coopetition on workers' health. It uses the original Job Demands-Resources theoretical approach to show that coopetition may pose a health risk by generating burnout among workers due to high job demands. A parallel mediation model was used to investigate whether coopetition is related to emotional exhaustion via deterioration in working conditions. The quantitative analysis of data collected from 188 French workers confirms that the cognitive effort and emotional labor imposed on individuals to achieve coopetitive performance provokes emotional exhaustion. These results enrich the theoretical context of coopetition at the individual level: first, the performance of coopetition impacts the health of workers due to the efforts necessary to transform their work habits, reconfigure their resources and/or acquire new skills aligned with the strategy; secondly, workers must make an emotional regulation effort to align with relational strategies: if workers do not modify their authentic emotions, they prefer to engage more in the artificial presentation of emotions expected by stakeholders. Therefore, organizations engaged in coopetition must anticipate these additional cognitive and emotional efforts, such as through awareness, training and recovery programs for their managers and workers.