The seasonal reproduction of teleost fish is modulated by the interaction between environmental factors, water physicochemistry, and their physiology. This study focused on the modulation of oogenesis by environmental cues in the Neotropical potamodromous fish Prochilodus magdalenae (bocachico). A total of 263 females were studied over one and a half reproductive cycles in three environments: the Swamp (72 samples) and River (83 samples), and aquaculture conditions (108 samples). Ovaries were histologically analyzed, plasma estradiol (E2) concentrations were measured, and six water physicochemical parameters (water temperature, total dissolved solids, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and oxygen saturation percentage) were monitored. Ovary development stages, from primary growth to final vitellogenesis (VtgB), occurred during the low rainfall season in Swamp, while oogenesis advanced to final maturation and synchronous spawning during the rainy season in the River. Under aquaculture conditions, however, ovaries reached the VtgB stage but did not progress to maturation or spawning. Plasmatic E2 levels were highest at the VtgB stage in aquaculture females (2384.5±324.5 pg/ml), significantly exceeding those in the Swamp (p= 0.0043) and River (p= 0.0001). Principal Component Analysis (PCA), followed by Generalized Additive Model (GAM) revealed that oogenesis is driven by multiple environmental cues, with the PCA explaining 87.3% and GAM 46.6% of data variability. The progression of oogenesis depends on non-linear interactions between environmental factors, seasonal variations, and habitat type. These findings provide critical insights for aquaculture and climate change, emphasizing how abiotic factors can impact reproductive processes and population dynamics.