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Chemosphere
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5...
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Quantification of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) in Air Emissions: An Interlaboratory Comparison

Authors: Jelle Hofman; Bart Baeyens; Wim Aerts; Griet Jacobs; Aline Reis de Carvalho; Gill Van den Bergh; Stefan Voorspoels; +1 Authors

Quantification of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) in Air Emissions: An Interlaboratory Comparison

Abstract

To date, no widely adopted reference method exists for the quantification of PFAS in air emissions. The need is however clear and driven by the growing concern on PFAS health risks, lack of current air regulations, and the need for more effective mitigation strategies to avoid additional PFAS releases. A compendium method was developed in Belgium and turned into force since January 2024. This paper presents first empirical and comparative evidence on available monitoring methods for C4-18 PFAS in air emissions, by means of an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) evaluating method QA/QC, apparent spike recovery and measurement uncertainty of 50 individual PFAS compounds (C4-18) between 3 Belgian and 2 international laboratories. Besides confirming the validity of the recently published Belgian reference method and equivalence of the specified sampling train variants (OTM-45, OTM-45 variant and cooled probe), results provided insights in the retention potential of applied collection media (filter, XAD-2 and water), methodological issues and analytically challenging PFAS compounds. By evaluating various sampling train variants and techniques, this research aims to provide crucial insights into the effectiveness, accuracy, and reliability of these methods in detecting PFAS in air emissions. The findings contribute to cross-boundary standardisation of PFAS emission monitoring, which is currently a significant gap in both regulatory frameworks and scientific understanding.

Keywords

Air Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Belgium, Environmental Monitoring

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
hybrid