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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao The Science of The T...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
The Science of The Total Environment
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4...
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4...
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Expanding the Flooding in Landsat Across Tidal Systems Model to Landsat 5-9 Imagery for Long-Term Marsh Inundation Analysis

Authors: Asa R, Julien; Caroline R, Narron; Deepak R, Mishra;

Expanding the Flooding in Landsat Across Tidal Systems Model to Landsat 5-9 Imagery for Long-Term Marsh Inundation Analysis

Abstract

Tidal flooding can significantly impact vegetation pixel reflectance of coastal salt marshes, presenting a problem for remote sensing studies of these highly productive ecosystems. The current study aimed to spatially and temporally expand our previously developed Flooding in Landsat Across Tidal Systems (FLATS) model to detect and analyze the long-term changes in flooded marsh pixels in Landsat 5-9 imagery. As the FLATS index is only calibrated for Landsat 8, our goal was to expand the use of FLATS to a greater range of Landsat imagery and facilitate the masking of flooded pixels in long-term time series of vegetation indices. Using areas of salt marsh in the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site, images from Landsat 5 through 9 were paired with near-coincident Landsat 7 images for a novel cross-calibration. Indices in the FLATS algorithm (Normalized Difference Water Index, NDWI and the Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI) were calibrated for each image pair using linear regression models, and an adjusted FLATS index (FLATS+) was created to be used on a substantially expanded Landsat dataset from 1984 to 2023. The R2 scores for the vegetation index calibrations ranged from 0.78 to 0.87 for EVI, and 0.73-0.82 for NDWI. Additionally, this study sought to monitor changes in flooding patterns at the study site, utilizing the expanded temporal range of FLATS+. The trend in FLATS+ value exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation at three LTER sites, with areas of marsh experiencing significant changes in inundation over the 39-year period (Moran's I, p < 0.01 at all sites). The FLATS+ index is a tool that is able to identify flooded pixels in Landsat 5-9. The index can be used to study salt marsh productivity, carbon uptake, flooding, and resiliency in response to sea level rise.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
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