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Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Crossref
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4...
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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To Be Aware or Not Aware: Do Intrusions with and Without Meta-Awareness Differ?

Authors: Catherine A. Keeping; Reginald D.V. Nixon; Victoria M.E. Bridgland; Melanie K.T. Takarangi;

To Be Aware or Not Aware: Do Intrusions with and Without Meta-Awareness Differ?

Abstract

People sometimes re-experience traumatic events via intrusive memories that spontaneously and unintentionally intrude into consciousness (i.e., intrusions). Such intrusions can be experienced without explicit awareness (i.e., meta-awareness). However, we do not know whether intrusions with and without meta-awareness differ in how people experience them (i.e., characteristics) or react to them via maladaptive responses (i.e., suppression, negative interpretations), and therefore whether they are important to differentiate. To investigate this issue, we asked participants to watch a trauma analogue film and-during a subsequent unrelated reading task-intermittently probed them to capture and assess one film-related intrusion. Intrusion meta-awareness positively correlated with intrusion negativity, re-experiencing, and suppression, but not with how people interpreted the meaning of their intrusion. Our findings suggest intrusions with and without meta-awareness can differ in how they are experienced and associated with thought suppression-highlighting the importance of considering both types of intrusions in theory and practice.

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Keywords

Adult, Male, Young Adult, Adolescent, Humans, Female, Awareness, Psychological Trauma

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
hybrid