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The Science of The Total Environment
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
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https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4...
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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Unveiling the Inherent Physical-Chemical Dynamics: Direct Measurements of Hydrothermal Fluid Flow, Heat, and Nutrient Outflow at the Tagoro Submarine Volcano (Canary Islands, Spain)

Authors: Martín-Díaz, Juan Pablo; González-Vega, Alba; Barreyre, Thibaut; Cornide, Bernardo; Arrieta, Jesús M.; Vázquez, Juan-Tomás; Palomino, Desirée; +4 Authors

Unveiling the Inherent Physical-Chemical Dynamics: Direct Measurements of Hydrothermal Fluid Flow, Heat, and Nutrient Outflow at the Tagoro Submarine Volcano (Canary Islands, Spain)

Abstract

Tagoro is one of the few submarine volcanoes in the world that has been monitored since its early eruptive stage in 2011 to present day. After six multidisciplinary oceanographic cruises conducted between 2014 and 2023 to gather a comprehensive dataset of georeferenced video-imagery and in situ measurements of hydrothermal flow velocities and hydrothermal fluid samples, we provide a robust characterization of the ongoing hydrothermal fluid velocity, heat flux, and nutrient release, along with an accurate delimitation of the hydrothermal field area. Our results reveal that Tagoro hydrothermal system extends from the main hydrothermal crater up to the summit, covering an area of 7600 m2. This hydrothermal field comprises thousands of small individual vents, displaying diverse morphologies such as crevices and delicate chimney-like structures, irregularly scattered across the dominant diffuse venting surface. Hydrothermal fluid temperatures and velocities at the substratum level reveal a clustered spatial distribution, ranging from 21.0 to 33.3 °C and 1.6-26.8 cm min-1, respectively. Furthermore, our findings indicate a discernible correlation between hydrothermal fluid temperature and vent density, while significant differences were observed between velocities from diffuse and focused areas. Additionally, heat fluxes exceed 200 MW across the entire active region, with heat flux values ranging from 6.06 to 146.87 kW m-2 and dissolve inorganic nutrient concentrations exhibit significant enrichments, comparable to the magnitude of important nutrient sources in the area as upwelling systems or mesoscale structures.

Countries
Spain, Norway, Spain
Keywords

Nutrient fluxes, Hydrothermal vents, 550, Heat flux, Tagoro volcano, Hydrothermal fluxes

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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