
doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4345910
handle: 20.500.11769/549001
Este estudio en primer lugar pretende rastrear las raíces medievales del derecho canónico indiano, para mostrar cómo los temas de juicio y jurisdicción, derecho y justicia se han ido configurando en un diálogo constante entre la ciencia jurídica y la teología moral. Las situaciones institucionales muy peculiares en las que se desarrolló la experiencia del derecho indiano exigen dirigir la atención sobre las relaciones y los conflictos entre la autoridad civil y la autoridad eclesiástica, en un sistema en el que las respectivas esferas de competencia estaban delimitadas por límites flexibles, que dejaban espacio para materias de competencia mixta. Un campo de concurrencia jurisdiccional y de posibles conflictos era el de la protección de las miserabiles personae, categoría privilegiada por el derecho canónico y por el derecho secular, en el que se contaban los indios. Un aspecto de su protección jurídica era la posibilidad de acceder a un juicio simplificado en la forma del juicio sumario. La mutua inmanencia entre juicio, justicia y proceso conduce la discusión sobre los recursos jurisdiccionales, desde el medio tradicional de la apelación hasta el procedimiento del recurso de fuerza, peculiar expresión del enfoque regalista de las relaciones entre poder secular y poder eclesiástico.
This essay intends to trace the medieval roots of derecho canónico indiano, in order to show how the themes of judgment and jurisdiction, law and justice took shape in a constant dialogue between legal science and moral theology. The peculiar institutional situations in which the experience of the derecho indiano developed require attention to be directed to the relations and conflicts between secular and ecclesiastical authorities, in a system in which the respective spheres of power were delimited by flexible boundaries, which left room for matters of mixed jurisdiction. The protection of miserabiles personae was a field of jurisdictional competition and potential conflicts. The Indios were included in this category, which was privileged by canon law and secular law. One aspect of their legal protection consisted in the possibility of accessing a simplified judgment according to the form of the summary judicial procedure. The reciprocal immanence between judgement, justice and trial leads the discourse on the jurisdictional remedies, from the appeal to the recurso de fuerza, which was a peculiar expression of the “regalistic” approach to the relations between secular and ecclesiastical powers.
Trial, ius commune, derecho indiano, ecclesiastical and secular jurisdictions
Trial, ius commune, derecho indiano, ecclesiastical and secular jurisdictions
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