AbstractThis study examines racial disparities in the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States, focusing on factors influencing infection and mortality rates at the county level. We find compelling evidence of disproportionate effects on ethnic minority groups, particularly Blacks, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans. Additionally, socioeconomic variables including income inequality, residential segregation and lack of health insurance coverage are identified as significant contributors to these disparities. Notably, our analysis reveals a diminishing trend in disparities over time, suggesting possible effectiveness of policy responses and/or differential preventive behaviors across racial groups. Finally, the paper identifies several mediating channels through which socioeconomic variables contribute to overall disparities.