
doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3705195
English Abstract: As the US dollar plays a pivotal role in international trade and financial markets, non-US banks’ reliance on short-term wholesale funding markets (such as repo, commercial paper, certificate of deposit and swap markets) to finance their dollar assets makes them especially vulnerable to shocks in these markets, such as those arising from the global financial and COVID-19 crises. The crisis management mechanisms in place before the global financial crisis (the International Monetary Fund and international reserves) were overwhelmed by it. Only the rapid deployment of an international currency swap network, as a result of policy cooperation between the main global central banks, allowed equilibrium between dollar supply and demand to be restored and the severest consequences of the market strains for non-US banks to be avoided. Spanish Abstract: El dolar continua desempenando un papel central en el comercio y los mercados financieros internacionales. La dependencia de los mercados mayoristas de corto plazo (repos, papel comercial, certificados de deposito, swaps) para obtener financiacion en dolares hace especialmente vulnerables a los bancos de fuera de Estados Unidos ante shocks en estos mercados, como los de la crisis financiera global o la mas reciente del coronavirus. Los mecanismos de gestion de crisis vigentes antes de la crisis internacional (el Fondo Monetario Internacional y las reservas internacionales) se vieron desbordados por esta. Solo la rapida creacion de una red internacional de swaps de divisas, surgida gracias a la cooperacion que hubo entre los mayores bancos centrales del mundo, consiguio restaurar el equilibro entre demanda y oferta de dolares durante las ultimas crisis, evitando asi las graves consecuencias que podrian haber tenido en los bancos de fuera de Estados Unidos.
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