This article seeks to discuss the process of decolonization of legal theory and Brazilian law that is beginning to take shape in the Brazilian academy. From the analysis of a practical case, it intends to show the mistakes of the hegemonic Eurocentric matrix in official law and domestic legal thinking, and the need to overcome this model in attention to the existing multi-ethnic, plurinational and multinormative reality, historically and constantly neglected and invisible. In short, it wants to present tools for operating a careful “decolonial filter” of institutes and rationality, above all, for the privileged place of the Judiciary.