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Polarization Reversal Via a Transient Relaxor State in Nonergodic Relaxors Near Freezing Temperature

Authors: Hong, Chang-Hyo; Guo, Hanzheng; Tan, Xiaoli; Daniels, John E.; Jo, Wook;

Polarization Reversal Via a Transient Relaxor State in Nonergodic Relaxors Near Freezing Temperature

Abstract

Among the unresolved issues in the study of relaxor ferroelectrics is the role of freezing temperature, across which the dynamics of polarization reversal in relaxor ferroelectrics changes. The presence of this freezing temperature is best manifested by the appearance of a double polarization hysteresis loop just above the freezing temperature. Given that the polarization pinching evolving into a double hysteresis starts well below the freezing temperature, there exists a transient temperature regime between the nonergodic and the ergodic relaxor states. To clarify the role of the freezing temperature on the pinching, the polarization reversal near the freezing temperature of relaxor (Pb1-xLax)(Zr1-yTy)1-x/4O3 (PLZT) was monitored using three in situ electric field methods: electrocaloric effect, neutron diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. We demonstrate that the pinching results from a two-step process, 1) domain detexturization in the ferroelectric state and 2) miniaturization of domains. This observation explains the recently reported gap between the depolarization temperature Td and the ferroelectric-to-relaxor transition temperature TF-R in lead-free relaxors. We further show that Td and TF-R, which have long been considered identical in lead-based relaxors, are not the same. The current study suggests that the mismatch between Td and TF-R is an inherent feature in both lead-based and lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics. Keywords: Relaxor, Nanodomains, In situ, Neutron diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy

Country
Korea (Republic of)
Keywords

TA401-492, 541, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials

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    25
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    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
25
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
gold