The paper presents a model for social and psychological assistance to militaries discharged of service and the members of their families through the example of Bulgaria which has the potential to be a basis for the creation of an adaptive program and setting up criteria for efficiency in it. The model implies a main recommendation, namely - gaining of key competences adequate to the civil socium and labor market requirements which should be extended in further research. The model is based on the process of the social adaptation – its essence, peculiarities and affecting factors, as well as key elements and mechanisms.