
doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3111662
Spanish Abstract: Este trabajo examina las diferencias urbano-rurales de la estatura durante las primeras fases de la industrializacion espanola. Su objetivo es explorar el alcance de la urban penalty y los cambios del bienestar biologico en las ciudades frente al mundo rural, que estuvo mas atrasado. Usa como principal fuente de datos las tallas de los reclutamientos militares registradas en los expedientes de reemplazo entre 1857 y 1936, que nos informan sobre la salud y la nutricion neta en las cohortes de 1837 a 1915. Senala que los estudios previos registraron mayor penalizacion en las zonas rurales que en las urbanas y que la talla se deterioro en las ciudades mas industrializadas y populosas como consecuencia de ambientes insalubres, del abultado empleo infantil y la mayor incidencia de las infecciones. Los nuevos datos muestran que en ciertos ambitos rurales hubo mejor estado nutricional que en los centros urbanos de entornos cercanos. Concluye que la brecha rural-urbana del estado nutricional fue mas diversa de lo que pensabamos, por factores no solo ambientales sino tambien institucionales. Se sugiere ampliar la investigacion sobre la geografia de la estatura y analizarla por clases sociales English Abstract: This paper examines the urban-rural differences of the height during the early stages of modern economic growth and industrialization in Spain. Its aim is to explore the extent of the urban penalty, and the changes of biological welfare in the cities and villages, in the rural and urban areas. We use height data of military recruitment records between 1857 and 1936, that provide information on the health and net nutrition of cohorts 1837-1915. We note that previous studies reported higher penalty in rural areas than in cities, and that the height deteriorated in the most industrialized cities due to unhealthy environments, child labor and spread of infections. The new data shows that in some rural areas had better nutritional status that in urban areas with better care resources, so the rural-urban gap was more diverse than we thought, not only by environmental factors but institutions. Data suggests more research on height by social classes in the diverse Spanish geography.
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