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Ensayo Sobre El Sentido y Finalidad de Las Penas Privativas de Libertad (Essay on the Meaning and Purpose of Custodial Sentences)

Authors: Jean Pierre Matus Acuua;

Ensayo Sobre El Sentido y Finalidad de Las Penas Privativas de Libertad (Essay on the Meaning and Purpose of Custodial Sentences)

Abstract

Spanish Abstract: En una de sus primeras medidas en materia de justicia penal, el “Gobierno tecnico” o “de los profesores”, establecido en Italia a fines del ano 2011, ha sido una reforma urgente en materia penitenciaria, dictada mediante Decreto Ley 211, de 22 de diciembre de 2011, destinado a hacer frente a la sobrepoblacion penitenciaria, aportando fondos para su mejoramiento estructural, reduciendo el tiempo de juicio para los detenidos en flagrancia (y procurando mantenerlos detenidos en comisarias) y, en lo propiamente penal, aumentado la duracion de la posibilidad de sustituir la condena privativa de libertad por una de detencion domiciliaria, permitiendola en condenas de hasta 18 meses de prision (antes se permitia solo en condenas de hasta 12 meses). De este modo, se responde tambien a la sentencia de la Corte Europea de Derechos Humanos, que considero como una forma de trato inhumano y degradante la aplicacion de penas privativas de libertad en las condiciones actuales del sobrepoblado sistema penitenciario italiano, cuando ello conduce al encarcelamiento colectivo en celdas con hasta menos de 3mt.2 por preso. Naturalmente, no me es posible valorar desde la distancia el merito y fortuna de esta reforma urgente, para ello se cuenta en Italia con una larga tradicion de insignes juristas que ya se estan haciendo cargo de ello. Lo que se hace en este ensayo es, en cambio, ofrecer un punto de vista externo, una perspectiva menos contingente que pueda o no, segun su merito, ser tenida en cuenta a la hora del analisis de las concretas reformas legislativas que se emprenden ahora en Italia y de las que, como menciona el editorialista de esta publicacion, deberian emprenderse en el futuro. Esta perspectiva, como se vera, puede relacionarse con la larga y valiosa tradicion del positivismo italiano de mediados del siglo XIX y principios del Siglo XX, que tanta influencia tuvo en Latinoamerica, aunque no necesariamente comparte sus presupuestos originales (las ideas del criminal nato, del ser antisocial y otras similares), pero si su referencia a la realidad objetiva o positiva del funcionamiento del sistema penal como punto de partida en el analisis. Se trata pues, antes que del analisis de las concretas medidas adoptadas para “reducir el sistema penal”, de hacernos la pregunta inversa, esto es, la relativa a la funcion y sentido del encarcelamiento como consecuencia juridica de la infraccion de ciertas normas de conductas en nuestras sociedades occidentales. English Abstract: In one of its first measures in the area of ​​criminal justice, the "Technical Government" or "of the professors", established in Italy at the end of 2011, has been an urgent reform in penitentiary matters, dictated by Decree Law 211, of 22 December 2011, aimed at addressing prison overcrowding, providing funds for structural improvement, reducing trial time for inmates in flagrante delicto (and trying to keep them in custody in police stations) and, properly criminal, increased the duration of the possibility of replacing the sentence of deprivation of liberty with one of house arrest, allowing it to be sentenced to up to 18 months in prison (previously it was only allowed in sentences of up to 12 months). In this way, it also responds to the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights, which considered as a form of inhuman and degrading treatment the application of custodial sentences in the current conditions of the overpopulated Italian prison system, when this leads to imprisonment collective in cells with up to less than 3mt.2 per prisoner. Naturally, it is not possible for me to evaluate the merit and fortune of this urgent reform from a distance, for that reason it is counted on in Italy with a long tradition of distinguished jurists who are already taking charge of it. What is done in this essay is, instead, to offer an external point of view, a less contingent perspective that may or may not, according to its merit, be taken into account when analyzing the concrete legislative reforms that are being undertaken now. in Italy and of those that, as the editorialist of this publication mentions, should be undertaken in the future. This perspective, as will be seen, can be related to the long and valuable tradition of Italian positivism of the mid-nineteenth century and early twentieth century, which had such an influence in Latin America, although it does not necessarily share its original presuppositions (the ideas of the born criminal, of being antisocial and other similar), but its reference to the objective or positive reality of the functioning of the penal system as a starting point in the analysis. It is therefore, before the analysis of the specific measures adopted to "reduce the penal system", to ask the inverse question, that is, the one concerning the function and meaning of incarceration as a legal consequence of the violation of certain rules of conduct in our western societies.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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