The paper analyses the case-law of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) with regard to individual criminal responsibility. After some brief considerations on Article 6 (1) of the ICTR Statute (which lists several modes of individual criminal liability), we assess the Tribunal’s approaches towards direct commission and participation in a joint criminal enterprise. Further, forms of secondary participation, that is, causing someone to commit a crime (planning, instigating, ordering) and forms of assistance (aiding and abetting) are analysed. A particular focus is laid on the special forms of participation in genocide, namely conspiracy, direct and public incitement and complicity. Last, but not least the highly relevant concept of superior responsibility is explained.