This paper examines the impact of the referendum on Scottish independence in September 2014, and what will follow that. It outlines the key problems presented by the referendum, not just in terms of legitimacy and democracy, but also in terms of processes to be followed thereafter. It discusses issues about the conduct and organisation of such negotiations, their timing, and the timing of the UK General Election due in May 2015, in the event of a Yes vote. It also discusses issues about the substance and timing of implementation of plans for further devolution by the pro-Union parties, if there is a No vote. It argues that the UK is likely to experience a period of considerable constitutional and political turbulence and profound change in the longer term, whatever the outcome.