
In this chapter, we study the asymptotic distributions for ordinary least squares (OLS), fully modified OLS (FMOLS), and dynamic OLS (DOLS) estimators in cointegrated regression models in panel data. We show that the OLS, FMOLS, and DOLS estimators are all asymptotically normally distributed. However, the asymptotic distribution of the OLS estimator is shown to have a non-zero mean. Monte Carlo results illustrate the sampling behavior of the proposed estimators and show that (1) the OLS estimator has a non-negligible bias in finite samples, (2) the FMOLS estimator does not improve over the OLS estimator in general, and (3) the DOLS outperforms both the OLS and FMOLS estimators.
Panel Data, OLS Estimator; FM Estimator, DOLS Estimator, Heterogeneous Panels., jel: jel:C1, jel: jel:C23, jel: jel:C2, jel: jel:C3, jel: jel:C4, jel: jel:C22, jel: jel:C5, jel: jel:C8
Panel Data, OLS Estimator; FM Estimator, DOLS Estimator, Heterogeneous Panels., jel: jel:C1, jel: jel:C23, jel: jel:C2, jel: jel:C3, jel: jel:C4, jel: jel:C22, jel: jel:C5, jel: jel:C8
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 1K | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 0.1% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 0.1% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
