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Preclusion of Sociological Policing

Authors: Stephen Kruger;

Preclusion of Sociological Policing

Abstract

A Terry interaction between a police officer and a person is fact specific, based on the “totality of the circumstances.” Motions to suppress are won and lost entirely on the facts. That judicial circumstance encourages police officers to testify about selected facts, slanted facts, and imaginary facts which justify their official actions. Absent a definitive legal standard, each suppression hearing is an independent event. The granting or denying of a motion to suppress is unrelated to rulings in prior suppression hearings. The mathematical equivalent is a coin toss. Odds of rightly calling head or tail are independent of the outcomes in prior coin tosses. Four ways to preclude the police practice of “stops,” and the police practice of “stops” and frisks, are suggested: 1. Proper judicial reading of the Fourth Amendment. 2. Separation of the charging function from the prosecuting function. 3. Refusals by grand juries to indict. 4. Refusals by petit juries to convict.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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