
handle: 10419/115010 , 10419/73613 , 10419/35540
This paper explores the capability of the state to affect the individual's decision to work for free. For this purpose we combine individual-level data from the European and World Values Survey with macroeconomic and political variables for OECD member countries. Empirically we identify three channels for crowding out of voluntary labor. Firstly, an increase in public social expenditure decreases the probability that the individual will volunteer (fiscal crowding out). Secondly, a political consensus between individuals and the government also induces volunteers to reduce their unsalaried activities (consensual crowding out). And finally, the more a government supports democratization, the lower is the individual's engagement (participatory crowding out). Religiosity and a more unequal income distribution in a country increase individuals' willingness to volunteer.
public social expenditure, Welt, J22, volunteering, voluntary labor supply, private provision of public goods, public social expenditure, political consensus, democratization, private provision of public goods, OECD-Staaten, political consensus, H31, H11, D30, Arbeitsangebot, Volunteering, voluntary labor supply, private provision of public goods, public social expenditure, political consensus, democratization, Volunteering, I38, Demokratisierung, ddc:330, Ehrenamtliche Arbeit, democratization, voluntary labor supply, Öffentliche Sozialausgaben, H41, H44, Politische Kultur, D64, jel: jel:H41, jel: jel:D64, jel: jel:H44, jel: jel:J22, jel: jel:D30, jel: jel:H11, jel: jel:H31, jel: jel:I38
public social expenditure, Welt, J22, volunteering, voluntary labor supply, private provision of public goods, public social expenditure, political consensus, democratization, private provision of public goods, OECD-Staaten, political consensus, H31, H11, D30, Arbeitsangebot, Volunteering, voluntary labor supply, private provision of public goods, public social expenditure, political consensus, democratization, Volunteering, I38, Demokratisierung, ddc:330, Ehrenamtliche Arbeit, democratization, voluntary labor supply, Öffentliche Sozialausgaben, H41, H44, Politische Kultur, D64, jel: jel:H41, jel: jel:D64, jel: jel:H44, jel: jel:J22, jel: jel:D30, jel: jel:H11, jel: jel:H31, jel: jel:I38
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 40 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
