Although relations between economics and law have constituted the subject of scientific inquiry for a long time, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that this discussion led to the development of the so-called Economic Analysis of Law (Law & Economics). In the article we characterize this scientific movement, which is interested in study of law using the tools of economics, and we present its origins. We also summarize the current situation and potential development trends of Law & Economics in the future, as well as the position and development perspectives for Economic Analysis of Law in Poland.