Abstract : Representative ceramic weld backing systems were evaluated with Several SMAW process variations to determine their efficacy to produce volumetrically sound root beads and visually acceptable back bead weld contours not requiring subsequent backside welding or repair. Ceramic tile backing was found to bring the use of open root, low hydrogen SMAW within the realm of practicality. Operator training and/or retraining was found to be especially critical. Special technique considerations were necessary to assure soundness in restart areas. Chevron porsity and piping was much less frequent than in FCAW. Ceramic tile backing was additionally found promising with cellostic type (i. e., E6010) electrodes. Promising joint designs, parameters and techniques were identified for SMAW over ceramic backing.