We look at programming with inductive and co-inductive datatypes, which are inspired theoretically by initial algebras and final co-algebras, respectively. A predicative calculus which incorporates these datatypes as primitive constructs is presented. This calculus allows reduction sequences which are significantly more efficient for two dual classes of common programs than do previous calculi using similar primitives. Several techniques for programming in this calculus are illustrated with numerous examples. A short survey of related work is also included.